The Industrial Revolution was a period of major change between the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
It transformed societies from mainly agricultural to industrial and urban.
Key Innovations
Several technological advancements drove this revolution:
- The steam engine
- Textile machinery
- Iron and steel production
- Improved transportation, including railways
These innovations increased production and efficiency on a massive scale.
Impact on Society
The Industrial Revolution changed how people lived and worked:
- Urbanization: more people moved to cities
- New jobs and industries emerged
- Shift from manual labor to machine-based production
- Growth of middle class
Challenges and Consequences
While it brought progress, it also created challenges:
- Poor working conditions in factories
- Child labor and exploitation
- Environmental pollution
These issues later led to labor laws and social reforms.
Global Influence
The Industrial Revolution began in Britain but quickly spread worldwide.
It shaped modern economies, transportation, and technology that we rely on today.
Summary
The Industrial Revolution was not just a technological change—it transformed society, culture, and the way humans interact with the world.
Its influence continues to shape our daily lives, industries, and cities today.